As you prepare to ship dangerous goods, you’re faced with a critical question: how do you ensure safe transportation of hazardous materials?
Improper shipping leads to devastating consequences, including harm to people, property, and the environment.
You can imagine that there are strict controls when it comes to transporting dangerous goods. This makes adhering to the rules all the more important for your safety, the safety of your couriers, and the security of your business.
But what exactly constitutes dangerous goods, and how do you navigate the complex regulations surrounding their transportation?
Let’s guide you through the necessary steps to ship hazardous substances safely and compliantly, covering everything from identifying potential hazards to preparing proper transport documents.
Consequences of Improper Handling
Improper handling of dangerous goods leads to serious accidents, injuries, and even fatalities.
According to the Australian Government’s Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Cities, and Regional Development, there were 254 reported incidents involving the transportation of dangerous goods in 2019 alone.
These incidents resulted in 15 injuries and 2 fatalities, highlighting the potential risks associated with improper handling.
The Role of Regulations in Ensuring Safety
Regulations such as the Australian Dangerous Goods Code, provide a framework for the safe transportation of dangerous goods.
These regulations outline the requirements for packaging, labelling, and documentation, as well as the necessary training and certification for individuals involved in the transportation process.
If you are shipping dangerous goods internationally by sea, you need to adhere to the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Regulations (IMDG Code), defined by the International Maritime Organisation (IMO).
For shipping hazardous materials by air, Dangerous Goods Regulations (DGR) Manual must be followed.
The International Air Transport Association (IATA) defines DGR Manual regulations.
The IMDG Code as well as the DGR Manual define dangerous goods list, and shipping guidelines.
These guidelines cover requirements such as proper shipping of hazardous materials, packaging, labelling and handling, storage etc.
They also ensure that the organisations who provide services for dangerous goods shipping are protected against these harmful items.
The Australian Government regulates high risk items such as paint, flammable liquids, poisonous gasses, lithium batteries, explosives, and even nail varnish.
You must adhere to these guidelines if you are planning on sending any of the Dangerous Goods either by air or sea.
What Is Considered Dangerous Goods?
The United Nations defines dangerous goods as substances or articles that can pose a risk to human health, property, or the environment during transportation.
Dangerous goods are classified into nine classes based on their hazardous properties, including self-reactive substances including explosives, gases, flammable liquids, corrosive materials, toxic substances, radioactive materials, flammable solids and miscellaneous dangerous substances and articles.
The most typical example of dangerous goods is lithium batteries in mobile phones. However, asbestos, and certain cleaning products are also considered dangerous goods.
Lithium batteries, for example, can overheat and catch fire if not packaged correctly, while asbestos can cause serious health problems if inhaled.
List of Dangerous Goods for Shipping
Dangerous Goods | Examples |
Flammable Liquids | Flammable liquids have a flashpoint of 60°C or less and can ignite easily. Examples: petrol, paint, and cleaning solvents. |
Corrosive Substances | These substances can also react with other materials, causing damage to containers and equipment. Examples: acids, bases, and battery electrolytes.
Potential hazards associated with corrosive substances include skin contact, eye damage, and respiratory problems. It is crucial to wear protective gear and follow proper handling procedures when shipping these goods. |
Toxic Substances | Dangerous toxic substances can contaminate soil, water, and air, causing long-term damage to ecosystems. You must take extra precautions when shipping these goods, including using specialised packaging and labelling. Examples: pesticides, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals. |
Explosive Materials | Any substance that can undergo a rapid chemical reaction, releasing energy and causing damage. Examples: fireworks, ammunition, and flammable gases. |
Radioactive Materials | Potential hazards associated with radioactive materials include radiation exposure, contamination, and environmental damage. |
Note: Asbestos Safety – Asbestos poses health risks during removal, transport and disposal. During these operations, it is vital that asbestos is handled correctly.
NSW Environment Protection Authority (EPA) controls the disposal of asbestos waste, regardless of whether it is domestic or industrial.
EPA also controls the transport of asbestos from industrial origin (including trade or commercial).
How Do You Ship Dangerous Goods?
- Dangerous goods separation – It’s crucial to separate dangerous goods when transporting them. Contact between the different goods can cause dangerous reactions, such as explosions or toxic fumes. Separate containers are usually enough. However, some dangerous goods may need to be transported using completely different vehicles.
- Right documentation – You need to have the right transport documents when you are transporting dangerous goods. The right documentation contains information about the consignor (name, phone number) and the description of the goods that are being shipped. Some states of Australia also have no-go zones for transporting dangerous goods. Although much of the responsibility will fall to your courier, you should keep in mind these details. You should check with your local authority for the latest documentation.
- Understanding storage – Certain dangerous goods must be kept below a specific temperature to prevent hazardous chemical reactions. You should also be aware of the flashpoints for flammables to prevent fires and explosions.
- Correct courier – Only certain couriers can transport dangerous items in Australia. These couriers are only allowed to transport a small selection of dangerous items and must also meet certain dangerous goods package requirements. You can only transport limited quantities of lithium batteries, for example. These restrictions vary depending on which courier you use.
- Follow regulations – When shipping dangerous goods, it’s important to adhere to the rules. Regulations include a number of details, such as the type of dangerous goods packaging, labelling and transport documents required. The rules can differ depending on how the dangerous goods are transported.
- Asbestos Safety – The NSW EPA controls the transport of asbestos from industrial activity. Transporting domestic asbestos is not EPA’s responsibility unless it has been removed by a commercial removalist. The EPA requires that all vehicles transporting waste asbestos from industrial or commercial sources must have a waste transport permit. The permit specifies the controls necessary for safe handling, transportation and disposal of asbestos waste. The packaging material must remain intact and protected during transportation and unloading. Before disposal, any packaging that has been damaged must be repaired or replaced. After transporting asbestos waste, vehicles should be thoroughly cleaned.
Compliance with International Regulations
- The International Air Transport Association (IATA) and the International Maritime Organization (IMO) have established dangerous goods regulations for shipping dangerous goods.
- You must comply with these dangerous goods regulations to ensure the safe transportation of hazardous materials.
- For customs clearance, almost all dangerous goods must meet the conditions specified by the relevant government authorities.
- This affects Both the import and export sides of customs.
- You will first need to determine whether dangerous goods are prohibited from import or export.
- You will need to check restrictions on import and export if a certain class of dangerous items is not prohibited.
- You should also check the requirements of customs for shipping dangerous items.
- They can relate to packaging, labeling, and handling, as well as quantity, declarations and valuation.
- Importing or exporting dangerous goods may require a special permit. These permits are required for customs clearance and must be granted by the relevant authorities.
- If you are importing hazardous substances to Australia, you will need a permit from ABF, DAFF or DCCEEW, depending on your classification of dangerous goods.
- Failure to follow the required procedures for clearing dangerous goods through customs could result in fines, court actions, or even imprisonment.
- You should, therefore, check the relevant legal requirements prior to shipping dangerous goods into or out of any country.
Packaging Requirements for Different Types of Dangerous Goods
The packaging requirements for shipping dangerous goods vary depending on the type of goods being transported.
For instance, flammable liquids require special containers to prevent leakage and ignition.
You must comply with the packaging requirements of the specific items if you are shipping dangerous goods internationally.
Packaging should be certified and tested by an authorised body, such as the United Nations.
Dangerous Goods | Packaging |
Lithium Batteries | Protective coverings to prevent short circuits. |
Radioactive Materials | Specialised containers to prevent radiation exposure. |
Corrosive Substances | Containers resistant to corrosion. |
Organic Peroxides | Need containers that prevent contact with air or water. |
Flammable Liquids | Special containers to prevent leakage and ignition |
Important Note: Any mislabelled or improperly packaged dangerous goods can result in serious consequences, including fines and damage to human health and the environment.
Asbestos and Your awareness of cement sheets and pipes packaging
- Packages must be small enough to handle easily.
- Wet the articles thoroughly and leave them wet up until you are ready to package for transport.
- Reduce the amount of cutting and breaking that you do.
- In the cargo compartment of your vehicle, place two layers of polythene sheets – each approximately 200 14m thick (0.2 mm).
- Place the articles on a polythene sheeting that is less than one metre high.
- Wrap the items completely.
- Seal with adhesive tape.
- Mark the package with an asbestos warning symbol.
Asbestos must be disposed of at premises that are authorised to accept asbestos waste. The disposal process must also be done in a way that prevents airborne fibres of asbestos from being released.
- Asbestos waste is packaged securely in containers.
- Transport of waste containers is safe.
- The method of unloading waste is safe.
Labelling and Marking Requirements
Regulations require that dangerous goods be labelled and marked correctly to identify their potential hazards.
This includes using the correct UN numbers, hazard labels, and markings.
Storing and Handling
Handling dangerous goods requires specialised training and equipment to prevent accidents and exposure to hazardous materials. You must store dangerous goods in a well-ventilated area, away from heat sources and incompatible materials.
Packaging and storing dangerous goods require careful consideration to prevent accidents and exposure to hazardous materials. You must ensure that your storage facilities meet the necessary safety standards and regulations.
Keep in mind, shipping dangerous goods requires careful planning, attention to detail, and compliance with international regulations.
Required Shipping Documents
The most critical documents required for shipping dangerous goods include the Commercial Invoice, Bill of Lading, and the Dangerous Goods Declaration.
These documents must accurately describe the goods, including their classification, packaging, and handling requirements.
Maintaining Accurate Records
With dangerous goods shipping, it’s vital to maintain accurate records of all shipments, including the transport documents, safety data sheets, and emergency response plans. Australian regulations require these records to be kept for a minimum of three years.
Plus, maintaining accurate records helps you track your shipments, identify potential hazards, and comply with regulations.
It’s also important for recalling products, investigating incidents, and providing evidence in case of an audit or legal proceedings.
How Long Do You Have to Keep Dangerous Goods Shipping Documents?
After you’ve successfully shipped your dangerous goods, you might think your job is done.
However, there’s an important step that often gets overlooked: retaining your shipping documents.
Retention Period for Transport Documents
On average, you’re required to keep your dangerous goods transport documents for at least three years from the date of shipment. This period may vary depending on the type of goods, the mode of transport, and the regulations governing your shipment.
Importance of Document Retention
Periodically, authorities may conduct audits or investigations to ensure compliance with dangerous goods regulations. Having accurate and complete records of your shipments can help you avoid penalties, fines, and even legal action.
To ensure you’re prepared in case of an audit or investigation, make sure you retain documents such as transport documents, safety data sheets, and certification records. These documents will help you prove that you’ve complied with all relevant regulations and taken necessary precautions to prevent accidents or harm to people and the environment.
5 Extra Tips on Shipping Dangerous Goods
Many shippers overlook crucial details when transporting dangerous goods, which can lead to accidents, fines, and reputational damage.
To ensure safe and compliant shipping, consider these five extra tips:
- Proper Training for Handlers – You should ensure that your handlers can identify potential hazards, follow safety protocols, and respond to emergencies effectively.
- Regular Equipment Maintenance – To prevent equipment failure and potential accidents, you must regularly inspect and maintain your shipping equipment. This includes checking for corrosion, wear and tear, and ensuring that all safety features are functioning correctly. Training programs should also include equipment operation and maintenance procedures to ensure handlers are knowledgeable about the equipment they use.
- Emergency Preparedness Plans – You should develop an emergency preparedness plan that outlines procedures for responding to accidents, spills, or other incidents. This plan should include evacuation procedures, first aid protocols, and communication strategies. Regular drills and training exercises can help you identify weaknesses in your plan and improve response times.
- Segregation of Dangerous Goods – You must segregate incompatible goods during transport to prevent accidents and minimise risks. This includes separating flammable liquids from oxidisers and keeping corrosive substances away from metal powders.
- Continuous Monitoring and Improvement -You should regularly review and update your shipping procedures to ensure compliance with changing regulations and emerging hazards. Monitoring shipping data and incident reports can help you identify areas for improvement and implement changes to reduce risks and improve efficiency.
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